About this condition
Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas, are benign growths from the muscle layer of the uterus. They vary in number, size and location: some are within the wall, others near the outer surface, while submucosal fibroids project towards the cavity. Many are found incidentally.
Possible causes and features
Depending on location, fibroids may contribute to heavy or prolonged periods, pelvic pressure or pain, urinary frequency and anaemia related to blood loss. Similar symptoms have other causes, so a fibroid seen on ultrasound should not automatically be assumed to explain every complaint.
Position matters as well as size. A submucosal growth can change the uterine cavity and menstrual bleeding; other fibroids may cause pressure symptoms. The gynecologist considers how many are present, whether the uterus is enlarged and whether future pregnancy is desired.
Assessment and next steps
Assessment usually includes the history, a gynecologic examination when appropriate, and pelvic ultrasound documenting size and site. Blood counts may be needed for heavy bleeding. Investigation of the endometrium or additional imaging is reserved for specific indications.
Small asymptomatic fibroids may only need monitoring. Treatment can address pain or bleeding or involve a targeted procedure when justified. Myomectomy removes a fibroid while retaining the uterus, but is not suitable for every patient and does not guarantee a particular fertility outcome. Discuss alternatives and individual risks.
Related topics: Heavy periods; Adenomyosis; Gynecologic laparoscopy.
Signs and symptoms
- No symptoms in some people.
- Heavy or prolonged periods, lower pelvic pain or pressure.
- Sometimes urinary frequency, bowel symptoms, pain with intercourse or anaemia-related fatigue.
Diagnosis and tests
The clinician reviews symptoms and usually uses pelvic ultrasound to assess the number, size and location of fibroids. Examination and a full blood count may be considered; further evaluation of the uterine cavity depends on bleeding and risk factors.
Care and treatment approaches
Observation may be appropriate for a small fibroid without symptoms. Bleeding control, pain management and a choice of interventions depend on symptoms, fibroid position, fertility plans and patient preferences. Surgery is not automatically required, and outcomes vary.
When to seek urgent care
Seek urgent medical assessment for very heavy bleeding, fainting, sudden severe pelvic pain or marked weakness; call 103 or 112 in Ukraine for emergencies. Bleeding after menopause must not be attributed automatically to a known fibroid.
Frequently asked questions
Must every fibroid be removed?
No. Asymptomatic fibroids can sometimes be monitored; treatment depends on location, size, symptoms and individual goals.
Can fibroids cause heavy periods?
Yes, especially some fibroids that distort the uterine cavity. However, other conditions can also cause heavy bleeding.
How is treatment chosen?
The clinician considers symptoms, number, size and location of fibroids, general health, pregnancy plans and preferences.
Information sources
Medical source links used when preparing this article.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
