About this condition
Hypothyroidism is reduced thyroid hormone activity. People may notice fatigue, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, constipation or a slower-than-usual pace of life. These symptoms can also arise for other reasons, so they are not sufficient on their own for diagnosis.
How the diagnosis is confirmed
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and, when indicated, free thyroxine (free T4) are central to assessment. The clinician considers medications, previous surgery, pituitary disorders and pregnancy or pregnancy planning when relevant. Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase may sometimes be checked to investigate an autoimmune cause.
Treatment and monitoring
Confirmed primary hypothyroidism is generally treated with individually prescribed thyroid hormone replacement. After starting or changing medication, levels are reassessed at intervals chosen by the clinician, not daily. Do not start iodine supplements, increase a dose or stop prescribed treatment because you temporarily feel better.
Related topics: Hyperthyroidism; Thyroid nodules.
Signs and symptoms
- Fatigue, sleepiness and increased sensitivity to cold.
- Dry skin, constipation or reduced energy.
- Changes in weight, swelling or a slower heart rate.
- Abnormal TSH or free T4 results.
Diagnosis and tests
Diagnosis is based on TSH and free T4 interpreted in clinical context. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies may be tested when appropriate. A small TSH deviation does not always mean medication is required.
Care and treatment approaches
Levothyroxine is standard treatment for confirmed primary hypothyroidism. The clinician determines the dose, how to take it, interactions with other medications and the monitoring schedule. Unnecessary or excessive treatment may also cause harm.
When to seek urgent care
Rapid deterioration, extreme drowsiness with confusion, low body temperature or breathing difficulty requires emergency assistance. Call 103 in Ukraine. Usual chronic symptoms should be assessed through routine care before complications develop.
Frequently asked questions
Can hypothyroidism be diagnosed from TSH alone?
TSH is interpreted together with free T4 and clinical findings; some conditions require a different approach.
Should everyone with hypothyroidism take iodine?
No. Iodine supplements do not replace a proper assessment and may be inappropriate in some thyroid conditions.
Can I stop treatment once I feel better?
Any change or discontinuation should follow an assessment of the cause, laboratory values and clinical status.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
