About this condition
An endometrioma is a cystic ovarian lesion associated with endometriosis. It should not be confused with the common functional cysts that often disappear spontaneously. Symptoms may include painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, discomfort during sex or difficulties conceiving, although some patients have few symptoms.
Possible causes and clinical context
Ultrasound evaluation looks at the cyst structure and associated pelvic findings, not its size alone. When indicated, a clinician may consider further imaging and assessment of reproductive goals. Neither pain severity nor the presence of a cyst provides a complete picture of fertility.
Assessment and follow-up
Management is individual. Observation, symptom control, hormonal options or surgery may be considered depending on the clinical situation. Operating on an ovary can reduce ovarian reserve, so the balance of benefits and harms needs careful discussion if future pregnancy is important.
Surgery is not automatically recommended merely because an endometrioma is present. Professional guidance does not support routine removal before assisted reproductive treatment solely to improve live birth rates. Ask how any proposal relates to your symptoms, ultrasound findings and pregnancy plans.
Related topics: Ovarian cysts; Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Signs and symptoms
- Painful menstruation, chronic pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.
- Possible fertility concerns or ovarian cyst detected on ultrasound.
- Sometimes no significant symptoms.
Diagnosis and tests
Clinical review and transvaginal or other appropriate pelvic ultrasound assess morphology and associated changes. Further imaging and fertility-related assessment are chosen according to symptoms and reproductive plans.
Care and treatment approaches
Observation, analgesia or indicated hormonal therapy may be options. Surgery requires a discussion of possible effects on ovarian reserve, expected benefit and individual fertility goals; it is not automatic.
When to seek urgent care
Sudden intense pelvic pain, vomiting, fainting, heavy bleeding or rapid deterioration requires urgent assessment. A known endometrioma should not be assumed to explain every acute pain episode. Call 103 or 112 in Ukraine for life-threatening symptoms.
Frequently asked questions
How does an endometrioma differ from a functional cyst?
It is linked to endometriosis and often requires a different long-term plan. Many functional cysts resolve over several cycles.
Does every endometrioma have to be removed?
No. Treatment depends on pain, imaging features, age and pregnancy goals, with attention to preserving ovarian reserve.
Will surgery always improve fertility?
No. Benefit is not guaranteed, and routine removal before assisted reproduction is not advised solely to improve live birth rates.
Information sources
Medical source links used when preparing this article.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
