About this condition
Anaemia means that the haemoglobin concentration is below an appropriate reference level. It can reduce oxygen delivery to tissues, but iron deficiency is only one of several possible causes and must not be assumed from haemoglobin alone.
What you should know
Causes may include blood loss, iron or vitamin deficiency, chronic inflammation, kidney disease and other blood disorders. The correct reference interval varies by age and physiological circumstances, especially in children.
When to seek medical advice
People may notice fatigue, weakness, pallor, palpitations, dizziness or breathlessness on exertion. Mild anaemia may be found incidentally, whereas rapidly developing or severe anaemia may produce more pronounced symptoms.
Important distinctions
A low haemoglobin result does not automatically prove iron deficiency. Small red cells, low ferritin or another abnormality can guide investigation, but results need interpretation with medical history, diet, medicines and possible sources of bleeding.
How assessment works
A complete blood count is a common starting point. According to clinical indications, tests may include ferritin, iron-related markers, vitamin B12, folate or investigations for blood loss and underlying disease. The goal is to identify the cause, not merely raise the number.
Management and limitations
Treatment is directed at the established cause and may involve iron or other supplements, managing bleeding or treating a related condition. Do not self-prescribe iron for every low haemoglobin result; excess iron can also be harmful.
When emergency help is needed
Severe breathlessness at rest, fainting, major chest pain, vomiting blood, black tarry stools or substantial active bleeding require emergency assessment. Call 103 or 112 rather than waiting for a routine anaemia consultation.
Related information
Interpretation of test results; Preventive family doctor consultation; High cholesterol (dyslipidaemia).
Signs and symptoms
People may notice fatigue, weakness, pallor, palpitations, dizziness or breathlessness on exertion. Mild anaemia may be found incidentally, whereas rapidly developing or severe anaemia may produce more pronounced symptoms.
Diagnosis and tests
A complete blood count is a common starting point. According to clinical indications, tests may include ferritin, iron-related markers, vitamin B12, folate or investigations for blood loss and underlying disease. The goal is to identify the cause, not merely raise the number.
Care and treatment approaches
Treatment is directed at the established cause and may involve iron or other supplements, managing bleeding or treating a related condition. Do not self-prescribe iron for every low haemoglobin result; excess iron can also be harmful.
When to seek urgent care
Severe breathlessness at rest, fainting, major chest pain, vomiting blood, black tarry stools or substantial active bleeding require emergency assessment. Call 103 or 112 rather than waiting for a routine anaemia consultation.
Frequently asked questions
Does low haemoglobin always mean iron deficiency?
No. Anaemia can have many causes, so a doctor considers blood indices, history and targeted investigations.
Are haemoglobin reference levels the same for children and adults?
No. Appropriate values vary with age and physiological factors; the result should be interpreted using the correct context.
Can I start taking iron on my own?
It is better to confirm the cause and appropriate dose first. Unnecessary iron can be harmful and may delay the correct diagnosis.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
