About this symptom
Ear pain may arise from infection, irritation or injury in the ear, but it can also be referred from the throat, teeth or jaw. Pain intensity alone cannot reliably identify the cause.
What this topic means
Outer ear canal inflammation, middle ear infection, jaw problems and other conditions require different treatment. Antibiotics are not automatically needed for every earache.
When to seek medical advice
Common findings include ear pain, pressure, blocked sensation, changed hearing, fever or discharge. Fluid or blood from the ear, repeated episodes and one-sided symptoms deserve individual medical assessment.
Options and limitations
Otitis media differs from otitis externa. The state of the eardrum matters before choosing ear drops: some products are unsuitable when the drum may be perforated.
Assessment and preparation
The clinician asks about onset, swimming, respiratory symptoms, dental or jaw discomfort, previous ear problems and hearing changes. Otoscopy and, when indicated, ENT assessment guide diagnosis.
Treatment, risks and follow-up
Treatment depends on the finding and may involve pain relief, targeted drops, antibiotics for selected cases or care for another source of referred pain. Avoid inserting objects and do not self-prescribe drops or antibiotics.
When urgent help is needed
Severe swelling or redness behind the ear, rapidly worsening illness, confusion, facial weakness or major neurological symptoms needs urgent assessment. Call 103 for severe or life-threatening signs.
Related information
Otitis (ear inflammation); Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI).
Signs and symptoms
Common findings include ear pain, pressure, blocked sensation, changed hearing, fever or discharge. Fluid or blood from the ear, repeated episodes and one-sided symptoms deserve individual medical assessment.
Diagnosis and tests
The clinician asks about onset, swimming, respiratory symptoms, dental or jaw discomfort, previous ear problems and hearing changes. Otoscopy and, when indicated, ENT assessment guide diagnosis.
Care and treatment approaches
Treatment depends on the finding and may involve pain relief, targeted drops, antibiotics for selected cases or care for another source of referred pain. Avoid inserting objects and do not self-prescribe drops or antibiotics.
When to seek urgent care
Severe swelling or redness behind the ear, rapidly worsening illness, confusion, facial weakness or major neurological symptoms needs urgent assessment. Call 103 for severe or life-threatening signs.
Frequently asked questions
Does an earache always mean otitis?
No. Ear pain can originate in the ear, teeth, throat or jaw joint.
May I use ear drops before an examination?
Avoid self-selecting drops, especially with discharge or possible eardrum injury.
When should I see an ENT specialist?
Recurrent or severe pain, discharge, hearing change or suspected complications warrant specialist advice.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
