About this procedure
Gynaecological pelvic ultrasound uses sound waves to examine the uterus, its lining, the ovaries and nearby pelvic structures. It may help clarify symptoms, but the report is not a diagnosis by itself.
What the examination or consultation can show
Transabdominal scanning uses a probe on the lower abdomen, sometimes with a filled bladder. Transvaginal scanning places a covered probe inside the vagina only after an explanation and the patient's informed consent. The examination method should fit the clinical question and personal circumstances.
When an assessment may help
Reasons may include lower abdominal or pelvic pain, changes in periods, suspected fibroids, an ovarian cyst, an endometrial finding or follow-up of a known condition. A clinician also considers pregnancy possibility and other relevant symptoms.
Important limitations and differences
Normal ultrasound findings cannot exclude every gynaecological problem, and a single measurement of endometrial thickness or ovarian appearance does not establish a diagnosis in isolation. Some findings need examination, hysteroscopy, tissue analysis or other tests.
Preparation and procedure
The clinician selects the route based on symptoms, history and previous reports. Preparation differs: the bladder may need filling for transabdominal imaging but is usually emptied before transvaginal imaging. Bring prior images; you may discuss any concerns or decline an internal examination.
Next steps and follow-up
Ultrasound is an assessment, not treatment. Depending on the report and symptoms, care may involve observation, additional tests or a consultation with a gynaecologist. Decisions should not be made solely from a screen image.
When to seek urgent care
Severe one-sided pelvic pain, fainting, heavy bleeding or high fever requires urgent evaluation, particularly if pregnancy is possible. Call 103 for a suspected emergency; routine ultrasound must not delay care.
Related health information
Gynaecological oncology consultation; Operative hysteroscopy (hysteroresectoscopy); Cervical electrosurgical excision; Hot flashes and menopausal symptoms.
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis and tests
Care and treatment approaches
When to seek urgent care
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between the two approaches?
A transabdominal probe scans through the belly. A transvaginal probe is inserted into the vagina with informed consent and offers a different view.
Should my bladder be full?
It may need to be full for transabdominal imaging; it is usually emptied for transvaginal imaging. Follow the instructions for your appointment.
Does a normal ultrasound rule out all gynaecological conditions?
No. Clinical examination, laboratory tests or procedures such as hysteroscopy or biopsy may still be indicated.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
