About this procedure
Sclerotherapy involves injecting a sclerosant into an abnormal superficial vein so the vessel gradually closes. Depending on the target vein, liquid, microsclerotherapy or foam techniques may be used. This approach is not suitable for every pattern of varicose-vein disease.
When sclerotherapy may help
The procedure may be considered for spider veins, reticular veins or selected enlarged superficial veins. If more extensive reflux is present, another treatment may be preferable. The decision considers symptoms, vein anatomy, investigations and the patient’s goals.
Assessment before treatment
The clinician checks medical conditions, allergies, pregnancy, previous thrombosis and medication. Duplex ultrasound may be indicated, especially for symptomatic or larger veins and some foam treatments. Risks, contraindications and realistic expectations should be discussed in advance.
What happens afterwards
Temporary bruising, tenderness and pigmentation can occur, along with inflammation and, rarely, more serious complications. More than one session may be necessary. Advice on compression, walking and activity varies with the procedure and individual health. Complete clearance of every visible vein cannot be guaranteed.
Signs and symptoms
- Visible spider or reticular veins when treatment is being considered.
- Selected superficial enlarged veins for which sclerotherapy is suitable.
- Documented reflux in certain veins when the anatomy and clinical indications support this method.
Sclerotherapy is not appropriate for every visible vein or cause of leg swelling.
Diagnosis and tests
A specialist reviews medical history, allergies, pregnancy, previous blood clots and medicines, then examines the legs. Duplex ultrasound is used when indicated, particularly before treatment of symptomatic veins or certain foam procedures.
Care and treatment approaches
Sclerotherapy may be used alone or within a wider treatment plan. Thermal endovenous ablation or another technique may be better in some cases. Pigmentation, inflammation and other reactions are possible; the need for repeat sessions and compression is determined individually.
When to seek urgent care
Seek urgent medical advice after treatment for increasing severe pain, marked one-sided leg swelling, spreading redness or symptoms of a significant allergic reaction. Sudden breathlessness or chest pain requires emergency services.
Frequently asked questions
How is sclerotherapy different from laser ablation?
Sclerotherapy injects a chemical agent, while endovenous laser treatment delivers thermal energy through a fibre. Suitability depends on the vein.
Is one sclerotherapy session always enough?
No. Some veins require more than one procedure. The number of sessions and expected outcome are individual.
Will I need compression stockings afterwards?
Sometimes. The type and duration of compression depend on the treatment and the patient’s circumstances.
Information sources
Medical source links used when preparing this article.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
