About this procedure
Colonoscopy examines the inner surface of the large bowel using an endoscope. During the procedure the endoscopist may take a biopsy or remove a suitable polyp if clinically justified. Good bowel preparation improves visibility.
What this topic means
The examination may be used for unexplained rectal bleeding, persistent diarrhoea, bowel habit changes, anaemia or colorectal screening based on age and risk. Normal results do not automatically explain every symptom.
When to seek medical advice
The doctor assesses stool changes, pain, family history, prior polyps, bleeding and other risk factors. Some people need preventive screening even without symptoms; others may require a different investigation first.
Options and limitations
A poorly cleaned bowel can hide lesions and lead to an incomplete examination or repeat testing. Not every discovered polyp is safely removed immediately, especially if size or appearance requires a specialised approach.
Assessment and preparation
Preparation involves a prescribed bowel-cleansing regimen and specific dietary instructions. Explain kidney or heart disease and medicines, especially anticoagulants, beforehand. The report describes examination extent, quality and any lesions; histology follows later if tissue was taken.
Treatment, risks and follow-up
Colonoscopy is mostly diagnostic but can allow biopsy or polypectomy. The doctor sets the follow-up interval using the findings and pathology results. Potential complications include bleeding, reactions to sedation and bowel perforation.
When urgent help is needed
Heavy rectal bleeding, growing abdominal pain, fever with deterioration, fainting or a rigid abdomen after colonoscopy requires emergency evaluation. Call 103 for severe symptoms and tell clinicians when the examination was performed.
Related information
Endoscopic removal of colorectal polyps; Bloating after meals.
Signs and symptoms
The doctor assesses stool changes, pain, family history, prior polyps, bleeding and other risk factors. Some people need preventive screening even without symptoms; others may require a different investigation first.
Diagnosis and tests
Preparation involves a prescribed bowel-cleansing regimen and specific dietary instructions. Explain kidney or heart disease and medicines, especially anticoagulants, beforehand. The report describes examination extent, quality and any lesions; histology follows later if tissue was taken.
Care and treatment approaches
Colonoscopy is mostly diagnostic but can allow biopsy or polypectomy. The doctor sets the follow-up interval using the findings and pathology results. Potential complications include bleeding, reactions to sedation and bowel perforation.
When to seek urgent care
Heavy rectal bleeding, growing abdominal pain, fever with deterioration, fainting or a rigid abdomen after colonoscopy requires emergency evaluation. Call 103 for severe symptoms and tell clinicians when the examination was performed.
Frequently asked questions
Why does bowel preparation matter so much?
Adequate cleansing lets the endoscopist see the mucosa clearly and lowers the chance of missed findings or a repeat examination.
Will every polyp be removed during the same visit?
No. Removal depends on the lesion's size, features, location, safety and available technique.
Is colonoscopy routinely performed in children?
Paediatric indications are different and require an individual decision by a suitably qualified clinical team.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
