About this condition
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which the heart does not fully meet the body’s needs. It has several possible causes and courses, and symptoms may change over time. A thorough medical assessment is needed.
Why breathlessness and swelling occur
Heart failure can cause fluid retention, making usual activities more difficult. Similar symptoms also occur with lung, kidney or vein conditions. Breathlessness and swelling alone are not enough for a diagnosis.
Changes worth monitoring
Notice if climbing stairs has become harder, if breathlessness develops at night or when lying down, or if weight increases rapidly or the legs swell. Discuss these observations with your clinician rather than adjusting medication doses yourself.
Preparing for your assessment
Bring your current medication list, previous echocardiograms, ECGs, blood tests and medical letters. The clinician will consider symptoms, potential causes, other conditions and whether further monitoring is needed.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms may include breathlessness on exertion or when lying down, reduced exercise tolerance, tiredness, palpitations and leg swelling. Each symptom can also have other causes.
Fatigue and swelling may develop gradually. Rapidly worsening breathing difficulty should not wait for a scheduled appointment.
Diagnosis and tests
The clinician reviews symptoms, pulse, blood pressure and existing conditions. An ECG, echocardiogram, blood tests and other investigations may be requested where appropriate.
Blood tests may include natriuretic peptides. The need for these tests and heart ultrasound is assessed individually.
Care and treatment approaches
Treatment may involve prescribed medication and individual advice on activity, body weight and lifestyle.
With confirmed heart failure, taking prescribed medicines regularly and monitoring symptoms are important. Do not sharply restrict fluids or change your routine without medical advice.
When to seek urgent care
Sudden severe breathlessness, chest pain, fainting or a rapid deterioration require emergency medical assistance. Call 103 in Ukraine.
Frequently asked questions
Does leg swelling always mean heart failure?
No. Swelling can result from vein conditions, kidney problems, medicines and other causes. It must be assessed alongside other symptoms.
Is physical activity possible with heart failure?
Appropriate activity depends on the person’s condition. Agree on exercise and rehabilitation with your clinician.
Information sources
Medical source links used when preparing this article.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
