About this condition
An umbilical hernia occurs when an opening in the muscle and connective tissue near the navel has not yet closed. Parents may notice a soft, rounded bulge that becomes more obvious when the child cries. Most uncomplicated umbilical hernias are painless.
Umbilical versus inguinal hernia
Umbilical hernias often have a favorable course: the opening closes spontaneously in many young children. Inguinal hernias, by contrast, usually need surgical repair.
Whether an umbilical hernia closes without surgery depends in part on the size of the abdominal-wall opening and the child’s age.
What happens during an examination?
A pediatrician or pediatric surgeon checks the size of the opening, whether the bulge is soft or tender, and the overlying skin. A clinical examination is usually sufficient; ultrasound may be requested for atypical symptoms or an uncertain diagnosis.
During observation, changes in the bulge should be monitored and reported to the clinician.
When is surgery considered?
An uncomplicated umbilical hernia can sometimes be monitored until preschool age when the surgeon sees no additional risks. A persistent or large defect, or the development of symptoms, may prompt a discussion about surgery and its timing.
Taping the navel, placing a coin over it or applying a tight bandage does not make the opening close faster.
When urgent care is needed
Incarceration is uncommon in children with an umbilical hernia but can be serious. A hard painful navel, skin discoloration, vomiting, abdominal bloating or sudden deterioration needs urgent medical assessment.
This material is general information, not a substitute for examining the child. Seek emergency care if warning signs develop.
Signs and symptoms
Usually a soft, round bulge around the navel that becomes more apparent with crying or straining. Pain, firmness, skin color changes or vomiting are warning signs.
Diagnosis and tests
A physical examination is usually sufficient. The pediatric surgeon assesses the size of the defect, the skin and whether observation or intervention is appropriate.
Care and treatment approaches
Many umbilical hernias close naturally in early childhood. A surgeon advises whether surgery is needed if the defect persists or complications develop. Taping or using coins does not help.
When to seek urgent care
A hard, painful bulge at the navel, redness or discoloration, vomiting, abdominal distension or marked weakness requires urgent medical assessment.
Frequently asked questions
At what age can an umbilical hernia close?
Many close by about four or five years of age. A clinician advises how long to monitor it based on the size and symptoms.
Can taping or placing a coin over the navel treat it?
No. These measures cannot repair the abdominal-wall opening and may injure the skin.
Does every child need an operation?
No. Observation is common for an uncomplicated umbilical hernia. The decision about surgery is individual.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
