About this condition
A pterygium is usually a benign growth of conjunctival tissue that may extend onto the cornea. Exposure to ultraviolet light and irritation of the ocular surface are associated factors; in some cases the growth affects vision.
What you should know
A pterygium commonly appears as a wedge or fold of tissue near the inner corner of the eye. Surgery is not always required. Growth rate, the condition of the cornea, symptoms and any impact on the visual axis guide follow-up and treatment choices.
Symptoms and reasons for assessment
Redness, dryness, burning, a gritty sensation, watery eyes and gradual loss of visual clarity may occur. A visible pterygium does not necessarily explain every symptom, so a proper assessment is needed before deciding on treatment.
Other possible explanations
Dry-eye disease, conjunctivitis, pinguecula and other surface growths can cause similar complaints. Unusually pigmented or rapidly growing lesions require a separate assessment to exclude other conditions.
How the condition is assessed
Slit-lamp examination helps determine the borders of the growth, corneal involvement, tear-film condition and visual acuity. Refraction and astigmatism are assessed where relevant. The decision to operate is individual.
Treatment and follow-up options
For mild symptoms, ultraviolet protection, shielding the eyes from wind, lubrication and observation may be appropriate. Removal can be considered if the growth progresses, affects sight or causes substantial discomfort. Recurrence is possible even after surgery.
When urgent care is needed
Sudden severe eye pain, marked sensitivity to light, substantial loss of vision or eye injury requires urgent assessment; these are not reasons simply to book elective pterygium removal. Call 103 for a life-threatening emergency.
Related health information
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis and tests
Care and treatment approaches
When to seek urgent care
Frequently asked questions
Does every pterygium need to be removed?
No. A small stable growth that does not affect vision may be monitored after an examination.
Can a pterygium come back after surgery?
Yes. Recurrence is possible, and risk depends partly on the condition and surgical technique.
Can drops make the growth disappear?
Lubricating drops may relieve irritation but do not remove established tissue growth.
Information sources
Medical source links used when preparing this article.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
