About this condition
An endometrial polyp is a localised growth arising from the lining of the uterine cavity. Most are benign, but symptoms, menopausal status and individual risk factors influence how they are evaluated. Vaginal bleeding alone does not establish that a polyp is present.
Possible causes and features
A polyp may be discovered incidentally, with no symptoms. In other cases, spotting between periods, changes in menstrual bleeding or bleeding after menopause can occur. These symptoms also arise from other causes and should not be attributed to a polyp without assessment.
Pelvic ultrasound, including transvaginal ultrasound when appropriate, may suggest a growth within the uterine cavity. However, ultrasound does not always describe its nature with certainty. A gynecologist considers your age, bleeding pattern, previous investigations and risk factors.
Assessment and next steps
Hysteroscopy allows the uterine cavity to be inspected directly. When indicated, a suspected polyp may be removed or tissue sampled for histology. The laboratory report helps determine what the growth is; the procedure and pain-relief plan are discussed individually.
Not every polyp needs immediate removal. Monitoring may be considered in selected situations, while bleeding, menopausal status or other risks can favour treatment. Ask about the benefits, alternatives and risks of any recommended procedure rather than deciding on surgery from an ultrasound description alone.
Related topics: Bleeding between periods; Bleeding after menopause; Hysteroscopy.
Signs and symptoms
- Some endometrial polyps cause no symptoms.
- Spotting between periods or an irregular pattern of bleeding.
- Sometimes heavier periods or bleeding after menopause.
Diagnosis and tests
History, examination and transvaginal ultrasound are selected according to symptoms. If a growth inside the uterus is suspected, hysteroscopy and possible tissue sampling or removal may be proposed. Histology can clarify the nature of the lesion.
Care and treatment approaches
Observation may suit selected cases. Hysteroscopic removal is considered when symptoms or risk factors warrant it, and removed tissue may be examined histologically. The need for an operation is individual.
When to seek urgent care
Very heavy bleeding, fainting or pronounced pelvic pain requires urgent assessment; call 103 or 112 in Ukraine if severe. Any bleeding after menopause should be investigated even if a previously detected polyp was described as benign.
Frequently asked questions
Do all endometrial polyps cause bleeding?
No. Some have no symptoms and are found during an investigation for another reason.
Is hysteroscopy always required?
No. It is considered particularly when a uterine polyp is suspected alongside abnormal bleeding; the gynecologist decides.
How is an endometrial polyp different from a cervical polyp?
An endometrial polyp lies inside the uterus; a cervical polyp is in or on the cervix. Investigation and management can differ.
Information sources
Medical source links used when preparing this article.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
