About this condition
Pigmented spots may appear after inflammatory rashes, sun exposure or with melasma. Some are uniform, while others have irregular outlines and need closer examination. The word pigmentation does not represent one diagnosis, and using strong lightening products before evaluation can irritate the skin.
Possible causes and features
Melasma often produces relatively symmetrical brownish patches on the face and may become more pronounced with sunlight. Acne or dermatitis can leave post-inflammatory dark marks that last longer than the original inflammation. Other explanations include sun damage and individual reactions to medication.
Not every dark area should be labeled melasma. A newly appearing or changing pigmented lesion can require a different diagnostic pathway, especially if its edge, shape, size or color is changing or it bleeds.
Clinical assessment and next steps
The dermatologist asks about onset, previous skin eruptions, cosmetics, sun exposure and relevant medications. Dermoscopy may help assess an unusual pigmented area. The examination distinguishes melasma from post-inflammatory pigmentation, sun-related changes and lesions that may need additional investigation.
Care commonly emphasizes regular sun protection, treating the original inflammatory disorder and gentle products. Lightening medication can be considered for selected patients with attention to tolerance and contraindications. Aggressive home peeling can worsen inflammation and pigmentation.
Related topics: Changing mole; Dermoscopy of moles and skin lesions.
Signs and symptoms
- Brown or dark patches on the face or body.
- Dark marks remaining after acne, eczema, injury or irritation.
- Symmetrical areas of discoloration on the cheeks, forehead or above the upper lip.
Diagnosis and tests
History and direct examination help distinguish melasma, post-inflammatory pigmentation, sun spots and lesions that need a different work-up. Dermoscopy is used when indicated, particularly for unusual or changing pigmented areas.
Care and treatment approaches
Sun protection, addressing the underlying inflammation and gentle skin care are often central. Depigmenting treatments may be appropriate after considering contraindications and skin sensitivity. Avoid aggressive at-home peeling.
When to seek urgent care
A new dark lesion that grows rapidly, changes shape or bleeds requires timely dermatology assessment. Call 103 in Ukraine for uncontrollable bleeding, a severe systemic reaction or another life-threatening condition. Stable pigmentation is not usually an emergency.
Frequently asked questions
Are all dark skin spots melasma?
No. Discoloration can follow inflammation or sun exposure and may have other causes.
Is sun protection important in winter?
Regular sun protection is often a key part of care for melasma and recurrent pigmentation, including in winter.
Can strong home peels quickly remove the spots?
Aggressive home procedures can irritate skin and make post-inflammatory pigmentation worse.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
