About this condition
Orchiepididymitis involves inflammation of the testicle and epididymis. Swelling, tenderness and sometimes fever may occur, but sudden pain must not automatically be assumed to be infection.
What to know
Epididymitis affects the coiled structure beside the testicle, orchitis the testicular tissue, and both may be involved. Possible causes include urinary infections or sexually transmitted pathogens, depending on age and clinical history.
Symptoms and reasons for assessment
Pain, swelling, warmth and tenderness on one side of the scrotum are common complaints. Fever or urinary symptoms can accompany infection. Nausea, vomiting or very rapid onset of pain is particularly concerning for an alternative surgical emergency.
Other possible causes
Testicular torsion can interrupt the blood supply and must be excluded immediately when pain starts suddenly. The time needed for assessment is critical; an ultrasound examination must not be allowed to delay emergency care when torsion is suspected.
How clinicians assess the problem
A clinician assesses pain onset, swelling, testicular position, urinary symptoms and infection risk. Urinalysis, culture, selected STI tests or scrotal ultrasound can help as indicated, but emergency evaluation takes priority with possible torsion.
Treatment and follow-up options
Management depends on the cause and severity. Confirmed or suspected bacterial infection may require prescribed antibiotics; some patients need hospital assessment. Do not use heat or left-over medicines instead of examination, particularly with new severe pain.
When urgent care is necessary
Sudden severe testicular pain, rapid swelling or pain with nausea and vomiting requires immediate emergency assessment to exclude torsion. Do not wait for a routine visit; call 103 for urgent assistance.
Related health information
Urethritis; Pain or burning during urination; Frequent or difficult urination.
Signs and symptoms
Diagnosis and tests
Care and treatment approaches
When to seek urgent care
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between orchitis and epididymitis?
Orchitis affects the testicle, epididymitis the epididymis; orchiepididymitis involves both structures.
Can sudden testicular pain wait until tomorrow?
No. Testicular torsion must be ruled out without delay because blood supply to the testicle may be threatened.
Does everyone need a scrotal ultrasound?
The clinician chooses investigations based on the situation, but investigations should not delay urgent care for possible torsion.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
