About this condition
Glaucoma can gradually affect peripheral vision even when central eyesight feels normal. The term describes several disorders of the optic nerve, rather than one set of symptoms. People with risk factors or a family history may need an individually planned examination; absence of discomfort does not exclude disease.
Clinical features
Elevated intraocular pressure increases risk, but a single high reading is not a diagnosis and glaucoma can occur at pressure values within the statistical normal range. Open-angle and angle-closure forms behave differently. An acute angle-closure attack may present abruptly with a very painful red eye, blurred vision and nausea.
Important differences and warning signs
Assessment includes an optic-nerve examination, intraocular-pressure measurement and review of risk factors. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the nerve-fibre layer and computerised visual-field testing may help when indicated. The clinician interprets structural and functional results together, often comparing them over time.
Assessment and individual care
The aim of treatment and follow-up is to reduce the risk of further visual loss. Drops, procedures or referral to specialised care are considered according to the type and stage; none should be started or changed without an ophthalmologist. Scheduled reviews matter even when vision seems stable.
Related information: Flashes and floaters; OCT of the eye.
Signs and symptoms
- Gradual peripheral visual-field loss that may remain unnoticed for years.
- A raised eye-pressure measurement, which is a risk factor rather than proof of glaucoma.
- With an acute attack, severe eye pain, redness, blurry sight and sometimes headache or nausea.
Diagnosis and tests
The ophthalmologist evaluates the optic disc, intraocular pressure and clinical risks, with OCT or visual-field testing as appropriate; no single test establishes every glaucoma diagnosis.
Care and treatment approaches
An ophthalmologist selects pressure-lowering treatment and a monitoring schedule after assessment. Do not stop prescribed drops because eyesight seems normal.
When to seek urgent care
Sudden severe eye pain, a red eye, markedly blurred vision, headache or nausea can indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma. Seek emergency eye care immediately or call 103; do not wait for a routine appointment.
Frequently asked questions
Is measuring eye pressure enough to diagnose glaucoma?
No. Pressure is one component of assessment; the optic nerve, visual fields and other findings must be considered together.
Why might an ophthalmologist request a visual-field test?
Computerised perimetry measures functional changes in the field of vision and can help monitor possible progression.
Can glaucoma develop while vision still seems normal?
Yes. Early disease may be asymptomatic, so examinations and follow-up matter for people with relevant risk factors.
Information sources
Medical source links used when preparing this article.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
