About this symptom
A cough may persist for some time after an acute respiratory infection. In children, a continuous cough lasting more than four weeks is considered chronic and requires a specific diagnostic approach. The clinician will ask whether it is dry or wet, daily or episodic, and whether it occurs at night or during physical activity.
What can cause a persistent cough?
Possible explanations include a prolonged infection, asthma, protracted bacterial bronchitis, environmental irritants and other conditions. A cough that starts suddenly while eating or playing with small objects calls for assessment for an inhaled foreign body. Not every lingering cough is 'bronchitis', and repeated antibiotic courses should not be started without medical advice.
Preparing for the visit
Parents can note when symptoms began, earlier infections, fever, allergic symptoms, exposure to tobacco smoke and the response to previously prescribed treatment. A brief video of a coughing episode may also help the clinician.
Signs and symptoms
- Daily dry or wet cough lasting longer than four weeks.
- Coughing attacks at night or after running and active play.
- Repeated wheezing or noisy breathing.
- Cough accompanied by reduced activity, poor weight gain or recurrent infections.
Diagnosis and tests
The clinician will review the pattern of cough and examine the child. Depending on the findings, chest X-ray, spirometry in a child able to perform the manoeuvre, or specialised tests may be considered. A normal result on one test does not always rule out disease.
Care and treatment approaches
Treatment depends on the established cause rather than the cough alone. Cough suppressants, inhalers and antibiotics should not be used "just in case". Where a particular condition is suspected, the clinician may recommend monitoring and referral to other specialists.
When to seek urgent care
When emergency care is needed: if a child struggles to breathe, has blue lips, pronounced chest retractions, pauses in breathing, altered consciousness or severe exhaustion, call 103 in Ukraine. Do not wait for a routine appointment.
Frequently asked questions
When is a cough in a child considered persistent?
A cough lasting longer than four weeks requires a dedicated clinical assessment even when the child otherwise seems well.
Does a wet cough always require antibiotics?
No. The type of cough helps guide assessment, but treatment decisions are made after a clinical examination.
Does every child need spirometry?
No. It is considered when indicated, taking into account age and the child’s ability to perform the breathing manoeuvres.
Important information
A medical consultation is needed for diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Self-treatment can be harmful to your health.
